ZADANIE 1

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wywiad z trzema nastoletnimi Brytyjczykami, nadany w młodzieżowej radiostacji. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij luki 1.1-1.5., tak aby jak najbardziej precyzyjnie oddać sens wysłuchanego tekstu.

Hello! Welcome to our programme Working Teens. Tonight we have Adam, Sarah and James talking about the part-time jobs.

Hi everybody! My name is Adam and I am 15. I work in the mornings before school. I have to get up early at 6 o’clock. I can’t oversleep, because the newsagent is relying on me. I do my work on my bike because it’s much quicker. I deliver about 25 or 30 papers every day and I earn about 10 pounds, 50 a week.

Welcome, I am Sarah, 13. I work on Saturdays from 11 in the morning until 4 in the afternoon – is the busiest time, but I enjoy it, because I like meeting people. I have to dress smartly and be cheerful and friendly. I earn about 2 pounds an hour I also get a free slice of cake and hot drink at the end of my shift.

It’s James here. I’m 14. I work during school holidays. I do the administration and help with IT problems, because I know a lot more about computers than other people that work in the office. I work from 10 in the morning, I’m not very good at getting up early, and I finish at 5 in the afternoon. I have a free hour at lunch time.

ZADANIE 2

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie informację nagraną na automatyczną sekretarkę Tate Gallery w Londynie. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij luki 2.1.–2.4., tak aby jak najbardziej precyzyjnie oddać sens wysłuchanego tekstu.

Welcome to the Tate Gallery information service. Admission to the Gallery’s free, except for major loan exhibitions. Our opening hours: we are open from Monday to Saturday 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Sunday from 2 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. We are closed on New Year’s Day, Good Friday, May Day Bank Holiday, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. We provide organised guided tours for schools at the minimum price of 50 pounds per one group depending on the group size. All tours begin in the Rotunda. Our information desks are located at the main entrance to the gallery and provide further information on works and the collections, lectures, films and other gallery services. For people with disabilities we offer a number of wheelchairs available at the Attenborough Street entrance, where there is a ramp and do lift, giving access to all parts of the gallery. There are also 10 specially-designed sculptures for exploration by touch by visually handicapped visitors. This month we offer a special exhibition of constable’s works sponsored by Barclays Bank – admission: 5 pounds; William Blake’s works from private collections – admission: 7 pounds; Turner’s sketches and drawings sponsored by Volkswagen – admission: 3 pounds. For any of these events no prebooking is required. Thank you for calling.

ZADANIE 3

Wysłuchaj nagrania i zaznacz prawidłową odpowiedź (a, b albo c).

First of all, while caravanning, you’ll reconnect with nature, and you’ll calm down and recharge your batteries as a result. You’ll take a break from your usual busy days. If you go as a family, you’ll have many opportunities to speak to your loved ones and spend quality time with them, for instance, around a bonfire. Also, if you have a dog or a cat, they’ll be happy as well, being outdoors all the time, practically. One of the best things about being outdoors is physical exercise you can get. You can go for a hike, swimming, or playing games. Remember, there's no need to pitch a tent or worry about the rain. Also, you have your own bathroom, and there’s some sort of heating in most campers.

ZADANIE 4

Usłyszysz cztery wypowiedzi na temat nauki i techniki. Do każdej wypowiedzi dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A-E). Uwaga: Jedno zdanie zostało podane dodatkowo i nie pasuje do żadnej wypowiedzi.

Speaker 1

Every year hundreds of millions of tons of plastic are produced to make objects that people use on a daily basis. As a result, every day millions of tons of these plastics are disposed of as waste. This plastic causes severe environmental damage as it breaks down very slowly and produces toxic by-products in the process. It turns out there’s potentially a very good way to recycle plastics. Some bacteria can break down plastics. Sounds incredible, but it’s true. Actually, it can be grown very easily and help drastically reduce plastic pollution across the world. In 2016 a team of researchers in Japan discovered bacteria that could digest plastics much faster than previously identified bacteria. Let’s hope we grow enough plastic-eating bacteria before we drown in plastic.

Speaker 2

By going to Mars and exploring it, human knowledge would increase greatly. Understanding whether life existed elsewhere in the Universe beyond Earth is a fundamental question. Mars can also help us to learn more about our home. In fact, evidence suggests that Mars was once full of water, warmer and had a thicker atmosphere. There’s the possibility that the settlement of other planets could decrease the likelihood of human extinction. We also have economic interest in its resources, and exploring the planet may be a good investment opportunity. People have a desire to go there and colonize it because humanity needs challenges to move forward.

Speaker 3

Drones have multiple uses. They can be used by the military to spy or even to perform airstrikes. This is a very controversial use, but the truth is the technology has been developed by the military. Droned are used to take aerial photos. It’s cheap to get a bird’s eye view of your favourite city or beach. Some specialized drones are used for search and rescue operations. They can often get to some remote places in a relatively short time, and not only find people but also bring them food or medicines. Drone are used in weather forecasting, especially in tracking and forecasting tornadoes.

Speaker 4

If you choose to carry a cell phone, you submit yourself to constant surveillance and scrutiny. You can never truly escape the people around you because they are always just a phone call away. Some people even say that your cell phone is a lot like a leash. They can track you down anywhere. Today parents give their children cell phones so that they can check up on them. Most companies do the same thing. In this way they can keep track of their employees at all times. People become more and more dependent on their phones; they use them for banking and finding a way, for communicating with other and for tuning musical instruments, and many, many others.

ZADANIE 5

Wysłuchaj dialogu i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź (a, b albo c).

A: Jason, you've been late five times this month. I’m busy estimating the bonus for this month. I'll have to reduce yours considerably.

A: You know there’s always this traffic jam in the morning. Getting to work by bus takes me a long time.

B: Why don't you take the tube?

A: I never really thought about it, but I’ll give it a try.

ZADANIE 6

Usłyszysz cztery teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania.

1

We’re talking about serious games here. Games that combine teaching the playful energy of video games, games that really stimulate learning. Such games can help educate people. Of course, there are certain conditions. You must not force people to play games to learn. Also, it must be a real game, that is the outcome cannot be know in advance, and it must have a clear end. Serious Games have an overall positive impact on student motivation.

2

If you move a lot and you know you won’t be in a place for a very long time, you wonder if it makes sense to emotionally invest in relationships and friendships, and I think sometimes relationship become more superficial because building them takes time and commitment, and you know you’ll leave again and who needs a broken heart. I’ve lived in nine different countries, and although I have, of course, great memories and part of my heart is in all of them, I feel I belong nowhere and certainly not in my home country anymore, either.

3

It is the most popular tourist attraction in Xi’an [ksi an] and one of the most popular in all of China. The 8,000 lifelike terracotta warriors and 130 or so chariots have silently stood guard over the soul of China’s first unifier for more than two millennia. Although the weapons were stolen and the colouring has faded greatly, their existence and the fact that no two faces are alike serves as a testament to the amount of labour and skill involved in their construction. It still gives me shivers.

4

A: What's your problem?

B: I've had a terrible fever for the last five days. I also feel run down, like I have pain all over my body.

A: What about your taste and appetite?

B: Everything seems bitter and I don’t feel like eating a lot.

A: Please lie down on the bed and unbutton your shirt. Let me check your chest.

ZADANIE 3

Wysłuchaj nagrania i zaznacz poprawne odpowiedzi.

1. When he got out of the bus, Paul didn’t know where to go.

2. Peter would never have fish.

3. Running isn’t John’s cup of tea, but he is totally into swimming.

4. “I might come to your birthday party tomorrow”, said Martha to Dave.

5. Sheila didn’t mind Patrick opening the window.

ZADANIE 5

Przeczytaj zdania a-e. Następnie wysłuchaj parafraz tych zdań. Przyporządkuj parafrazy 1-5, które usłyszysz w nagraniu do zdań a-e.

1. I don’t like many things in our organization and I’d be happy to change them.

2. I am in favour of building a new youth club in the neighbourhood.

3. There’s a difference between a browser and a search engine.

4. We have very little information about the situation.

5. There’s almost no sugar left.

ZADANIE 1

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie dwa teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania (A, B albo C).

Jobs of the future

I’d like to talk about professions that are going to be in high demand in five and ten years. A lot of professions are getting automated. Automobile companies are testing driverless taxis, and driverless cars and trucks, so this kind of jobs will soon be getting automated. It means for us as human beings that in the future we're going to lose a lot of those low-level jobs.

Certainly, the market that is going to survive and thrive is medicine. It has been growing really fast. There will be a lot more jobs and this doesn’t only applies to doctors; it also applies to people taking care of people who sit at home and need home care. We’ve started to live longer, mainly thanks to advances in medicine, and the society is getting older.

Interestingly, another thriving market is AI in medicine, and yes, a lot of doctors’ offices are getting automated. For instance, there's this machine called DaVinci machine and you can perform a surgery without even being there. You can have a doctor here in the United States and that machine somewhere in Africa and the doctor from here will perform a surgery. The surgeon has a crystal-clear view of the surgical area that is magnified 10 times to what the human eye sees. The surgeon uses tiny instruments that move like a human hand but with a far greater range of motion and precision. IT in medicine is a huge market.

What’s more, all of the creative professions are going to thrive. It’s true we have AI, but it's not that developed yet. It cannot create awesome photographs; it cannot create awesome videos; it cannot write exciting stories for you. It can do some kind of stuff, but it is not yet on a sufficient level. AI is also unlikely to ever replace architects. They do a lot of creative analytical thinking that can't be replicated by technology. Additionally, they collaborate with other workers in the design and construction industry. There's a big future for creative professions.

Education is also growing, meaning that people are learning languages; people are learning different skills. Machines can’t really replace the human touch that is necessary in our schools that can only be delivered by high-quality educators. I think this traditional education when we just go to classes and follow the curriculum that is already set by somebody else is fading away. Think of Finland. They have this new school concept where kids don't just go to classes teachers tell them to attend. They select what they want to do. If they want to sing, they can sing the whole day; if they want to construct something; then the school provide resources for that. Finland is one of the top countries for education in the world right now. I think this is going to be a trend in the future.

Purpose in life

INTERVIEWER: Simon, so how to find purpose in life?

SIMON: I think one of the mistakes that people make is they think purpose comes from their job. They think, „I’ve worked here so long, and now I retire or I lose my job, and I don’t have a sense of purpose anymore.” They confuse themselves with their job. All of a sudden, they wake up in the morning, and don’t know what to do.

INTERVIEWER: Isn’t that what we’ve been taught? That your job should be your passion.

SIMON: Passion – yes. Purpose – not. Your purpose is not the job that you wake up to do every day. Your purpose is something bigger.

INTERVIEWER: So how do you find this something bigger? What is it really?

SIMON: Well, it can be different for each of us. I have a few little rules that you can follow to find a bigger purpose. One is go after the things that you want. Can I tell you a story?

INTERVIEWER: Sure. Go ahead.

SIMON: A friend of mine and I went for a run in Central Park. There’s this Road Runners Organization. At weekends, they host races. It's very common that they have a sponsor who will give something away, like apples or bagels after the race.

INTERVIEWER: Oh, I’ve seen that. Hundreds of people take part in the races.

SIMON: Yeah, lots of people. On this particular day, when we got to the end of the run, there were some free bagels, and they had picnic tables set up. On one side was a group of volunteers on the table were boxes of bagels, and on the other side was a long line of runners waiting to get their free bagel. I said to my friend, „Let's get a bagel” and he looked at me and said, „Ah, the line's too long.” And I said, „Free bagel” and he said, „I don't want to wait in line”. And I was like, „Free bagel”, and he said, „No, it's too long”. That's when I realized that there are two ways to see the world: Some people see the thing that they want and some people see the thing that prevents them from getting what they want.

INTERVIEWER: Simon, isn’t that too simple?

SIMON: No, it’s not. Actually, essential things are simple. Look, I could only see the bagels. He could only see the line. The rule is you can go after whatever you want; you just cannot deny anyone else to go after whatever they want. You don't have to do it the way everybody else has done it. You can do it your way. We’re different and we need to accept that.

INTERVIEWER: I can see you like stories. Give me another story, like in the Bible.

SIMON: Alright, here's another story. In the 18th century, there was a kind of fever known as the black death of childbed spreading across Europe.

INTERVIEWER: Never heard of it. What was it?

SIMON: Basically, women who gave birth to a child would die within 48 hours after giving birth. It was getting worse and worse. Doctors and men of science wanted to find the reason for this. They would study the corpses of the women who had died and, in the morning, they would conduct autopsies, and then in the afternoon they would go and deliver babies.

INTERVIEWER: I think I know what you’re driving at.

SIMON: It wasn't until somewhere in the mid-1800s that Oliver Wendell Holmes realized that all of these doctors conducting autopsies in the morning weren't washing their hands before they delivered babies in the afternoon, and he pointed it out. He said doctors themselves were the problem.

INTERVIEWER: What happened next?

SIMON: They ignored Holmes and called him crazy for 30 years until finally somebody realized that if they simply washed their hands, it would go away, and that's exactly what happened when they started sterilizing their instruments and washing their hands. The black death of childbed disappeared. The lesson here is sometimes you’re the problem. Take accountability for your actions. You can take all the credit in the world for the things that you do right as long as you also take responsibility for the things you do wrong. It works like magic, really.

INTERVIEWER: Simon, thanks for the stories and the teaching.

ZADANIE 2

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie cztery wypowiedzi na temat problemów globalnych. Do każdej wypowiedzi dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A–E). Wpisz rozwiązania do tabeli. Uwaga! Jedno zdanie zostało podane dodatkowo i nie pasuje do żadnej wypowiedzi.

Speaker 1

I think the biggest problem in the world today is actually unity. I’d say there's a connection problem. Meaning that everywhere you go people are kind of tuned into their phone. They connect, yet there’s no real connection. I think people need to put their trust in humanity instead of systems that divide us. I think that one of the things we have to do is just kind to show empathy for all of our fellow brothers and sisters, not only here, in our country, but everywhere. You know, and from there, if there's a dialogue, we can start to kind of tackle problematic issues and hopefully make the world a better place.

Speaker 2

Climate change appears to be the crucial issue of our time. Food productions is threatened by changing weather patterns and rising sea levels bring the risk of catastrophic flooding. Climate change has an enormous global impact that is unmatched in scale. It was reported after the fifth intergovernmental panel on climate change that in the years 1880–2012, the average global temperature increased by 0.85 degrees Celsius. The global temperature keeps rising, and it is predicted to go up from 2.6 to 4.8 by 2100. Oceans are warmer, there is less snow and ice, and the sea level is higher. Finally, we are going to have no ice in the arctic and terrible heatwaves will have a far-reaching effect on our daily life. It is written in Time magazine that ‘the real danger is when politicians and CEOs are making it look like the real action is happening when in fact almost nothing is being done.’

Speaker 3

Pollution is certainly a very serious issue. It can take many forms. It’s in the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food. Even the increasing noise we hear every day can all contribute to health problems and considerably lower our quality of life. Environmental pollution is causing irreparable damage to the natural world with major disruptions in ecosystems. Literally, lots of people are dying because of air and soil pollution. The risk of lung cancer and respiratory diseases is greatly increased. Apparently, air pollution is the most devastating pollution type causing worldwide mortality. Pollution is one of the hardest global issues to address because it is very broadly defined.

Speaker 4

Many children across the world do not have some of their most basic educational needs met. How can they later solve big problems if they can’t really learn how the world functions? 15 years ago, the international community resolved that all children should have primary school education. Even though impressive headway has been made, there are still more that 72 million school-age children all over the globe that cannot go to school. The problem is not limited to children not going to school, and even when children are attending school the quality of their education might be poor or educational capacity and resources may be limited. In 2017, it was estimated that 600 million children were not mastering basic mathematics and literacy while at school.

ZADANIE 3

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wywiad na temat edukacji. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij luki w podanych zdaniach, tak aby jak najbardziej precyzyjnie oddać sens wysłuchanego tekstu. Luki należy uzupełnić w języku angielskim.

Fixing education

INTERVIEWER: A lot of people feel that our system of education is not working properly. What’s wrong with it actually?

GUEST: You see the so-called real world is changing rapidly, and we send our kids to school to prepare them to be able to cope with the challenges of daily life. The world is changing but our schools are not. The system of education we have now came into being in the Industrial Age to educate workers for factories, as many as possible. The idea of industrial mass production is still omnipresent in schools.

INTERVIEWER: What’s wrong with that?

GUEST: Let me explain. Lives of schoolchildren are governed by ringing bells. Following instructions is what students actually do at school. They’re given instructions like sit down, be quiet, open your books, turn to page 65, solve problem number four etc. If school children succeed in doing what they’re told, they are rewarded with good marks. Following instructions was particularly important for factory workers in the Industrial Age. Today, you won’t get very far but just following instructions. Nowadays, you need to learn to collaborate with others, to communicate your ideas, you need to be creative. Do our children really develop such skills at school?

INTERVIEWER: What exactly needs to be changed and how?

GUEST: Our children have no autonomy at school; they’re totally dependent on what teachers tell them to do. They’re fully controlled by the system, every minute. On the other hand, nowadays you need to learn to manage your time by yourself if you are to complete important work. Our children get a disturbing message that they’re not in charge of their lives. It is believed that independence and self-determination is very important for children. We desperately need to give children more autonomy; they need to regain the power to make their own decisions whatever it takes. Otherwise, no real problems will be solved.

INTERVIEWER: To tell you the truth, I never really thought giving children more freedom could be a good solution. Isn’t learning mostly about memorising things and then using what we know in real life?

GUEST: Well, it’s not that simple. Learning doesn’t just involve memorisation and retention. There’s much more to learning and the changes that people undergo while gaining knowledge and skills.

INTERVIEWER: Well, alright. We shouldn’t be surprised that our children lack motivation and are rather fatigued at school. But what about discipline? How can we let every child make their own decisions?

GUEST: Of course, discipline is important, but we need to compromise and find ways to look after schoolchildren without excessively controlling their lives. There need to have more better skilled teachers. Groups of children need to be smaller. The curriculum needs to be more flexible. If we don’t make the necessary investments soon enough, it might be too late for the global community. Our quality of life will certainly drop.

INTERVIEWER: Is this all? I mean we just let children choose what they want to do at school and soon problems will be solved.

GUEST: Of course, not. That’s a necessary step, but there’s more to it. You see what happens at school today is not real learning. Children are expected to memorise and memorise loads of things. The knowledge that our children are supposed to gain is strictly defined. Then come tests and examinations to measure the retention of this knowledge. Most of the knowledge acquired in the system is forgotten the day after the test. We know that.

INTERVIEWER: Is there any other way?

GUEST: Of course, learning is not just memorising and recreating what we remember. This is what we measure and we care mostly about the test results. This cycle is notorious for its being inauthentic. We’re trapped in it. Students’ passions and interests are mostly neglected at school. Our school system requires the same pace of learning from all students, and also all students practically learn the same things. The truth is students are very different; each child is unique and can develop in a different way. And, ironically, that’s all we have; that’s the real value. We need to redefine testing. Educators need to become a lot more flexible.

INTERVIEWER: I think it is easier said than done. How should we go about the changes? How do we reform the system?

GUEST: Well, we can’t afford another reform. What we need are drastic and expensive changes before the system collapses entirely and becomes totally inadequate to deal with our current problems. Each of us has different passions and interests, and we shall feel self-realized if we find and develop our passions, which is often not easy. Do schools support children in finding and developing their passions? There are certain questions that every child needs to find answers to, for instance, How do I fit into this world and society? What am I really good at? What do I want to be good at? How do I want to make a living in the future? Does the system really care? Children are left alone to find answers to such basic questions.

INTERVIEWER: Thank you for all the explanations.

ZADANIE 4

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wywiad na temat bakterii, które jedzą plastik. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu odpowiedz na podane pytania. Odpowiedzi należy udzielić w języku angielskim.

Let them eat all plastic

INTERVIEWER: Why is plastic actually such a big problem?

GUEST: There's a worldwide plastic production of 350 million tons a year. And about 300 million tons end up as waste. We've put billions of tons of plastic into the environment. By 2050, people have predicted that there'll be more plastic in the ocean than fish in terms of weight.

INTERVIEWER: But is it really a danger to our lives or ecosystems?

GUEST: It needs to be emphasised that wildlife is killed by plastics pollutions, literally killed. A large number of seabirds, turtles and other sea mammals accidentally swallow plastic and die. Also, a lot of animals get entangled in it, and die as well. It’s also dangerous for human beings. Microplastics have been found in food for human consumption. We all eat a little bit of plastic every day. It’s been found in human organs, and we even inhale plastic.

INTERVIEWER: Why have we produced so much plastic?

GUEST: Plastic is actually a revolutionary material! It has unique characteristics. It’s not expensive; it’s light-weight, durable and flexible. There are a variety of different types of plastic. They have different structures, are made of different combinations of elements, and are manufactured in different ways.

INTERVIEWER: Let’s talk about the recycling of plastic then. What can be done?

GUEST: Well, recycling is an option; however, only around 10% of plastic is recycled worldwide, which means we need another solution.

INTERVIEWER: Another solution?

GUEST: Yes, plastic-eating bacteria!

INTERVIEWER: Oh, that’s revolutionary. You don’t normally think of plastic as something edible.

GUEST: True. It’s not edible for people, but there exist bacteria that can eat plastic.

INTERVIEWER: But you said we had different types of plastic.

GUEST: Again. That’s true. You see each type of plastic is degraded by a different bacterium.

INTERVIEWER: How does bacteria ACTUALLY degrade plastic?

GUEST: Roughly speaking, the microbe attaches to a polymer and colonizes it. Through pH changes, its metabolic activity causes plastic cracks which challenges the polymers physical properties. This is known as biodeterioration. Plastic becomes food for bacteria. Essentially, molecules are broken down into its original building blocks.

INTERVIEWER: When were plastic eating bacteria actually discovered?

GUEST: Plastic-eating bacteria first made headlines in 2016 when a group of researchers in Japan discovered a strain that was able to decompose PET plastics. The discovery was limited, as it exclusively degraded PET and did so at a very slow rate. Later that year, scientists in Pakistan reported a fungus capable of degrading plastic. In 2017, plastic-eating bacteria was isolated from an oil site in Texas. In 2018, scientists modified bacteria to degrade plastics within days in the UK and US.

INTERVIEWER: What’s the problem then? Why don’t we use bacteria to get rid of waste plastic?

GUEST: In order for these bacteria to be useful and applicable worldwide, there must be a way to bioengineer them to degrade plastic at rates that are hundreds or thousands of times faster. Researchers are actively looking for ways to modify or engineer these enzymes produced by bacteria to break down plastics faster.

INTERVIEWER: Thanks for sharing all that information with us.